Is globalisation presently being governed To the extent it is, how is Essay

Is globalisation presently being governed To the extent it is, how is this being done - Essay Example To some extent this is the case, but as we will see, the range of actors and processes comprehended by such terms as ‘globalisation’ and ‘global governance’ are perhaps too complex and too numerous to be encompassed in any account. In short, the aim of this essay is to explore the nature and efficacy of contemporary attempts to govern globalising forces, and to assess the methods used and the degree of success they have been met with. The term ‘global governance’ is bandied about in the literature a great deal, but different scholars seem to have attached a range of different, sometimes overlapping, and sometimes conflicting, meanings to it. As Dingwerth and Pattberg (2006) observed, ‘the concept of global governance has become ever more popular – and confusion about its meaning ever greater’ (p. 185). Writing on the same theme, Payne (2005) went so far as to claim that governance is one of the most used and abused terms in c ontemporary academic discourse, perhaps beaten to first place only by globalisation (p. 55). It is necessary to gain some clarity on this issue if we are to build a useful analytical framework for discussing the consequences and demands of globalisation. Dingwerth and Pattberg (2006) declared, exasperated, that ‘’Global Governance’ appears to be virtually anything’ (p. 185). However, using their review article as a helpful foundation, we can see global governance as an analytical framework which has succeeded ‘international relations’ – the traditional way of seeing interaction between sovereign states. While global governance refers partly to the institutional response to globalisation, and attempts by states to order globalising processes, it is surely something larger than this, and encompasses a series of phenomena which can be observed working above and below the level of intergovernmental cooperation. There are, for example, socia l and political movements which transcend state boundaries, often facilitated by the unique opportunities for communication afforded by the internet. There are also private networks and private corporations whose interests and activities span continents. Pressure groups such as Greenpeace and judicial actors like the International Criminal Court are only the most visible of millions of actors in the global arena. Weiss (1999), likewise, saw global governance as a response to the widespread dissatisfaction with existing theories of international relations, and especially the failure of such theories to adequately make allowance for the colossal increase, in numbers and importance, of actors independent of the state, and especially of the transformations brought about by new technologies, especially the internet. Rosenau (1995) understood all of this, and acknowledged that an understanding of global governance rests on a great deal more than an exploration of the formal institutions a nd mechanisms – bodies such as the United Nations - that have been established by governments to deal with globalisation. As he himself writes, it is ‘more than the formal institutions through which the management of international affairs is or is not sustained’ (p. 13). He extends the competence of global governance right down to every level of human activity, including interactions between families across borders. Dingwerth and Patt

Polar bears do not need endangered species protection Research Paper

Polar bears do not need endangered species protection - Research Paper Example There is petition filed in America for the protection of polar bear as they are thought to be endangered However in reality, the polar bear population is in good shape and do not need protection. The population of polar bear was supposed to be little less before few decades however in recent times the population of polar has been increasing. According to ( Unger)â€Å" Lets start with what we know. Almost everybody agrees that there are between 20,000 and 25,000 polar bears alive today. Heres another thing almost everyone agrees on: That number is a whole lot bigger than it was 40 years ago†. Much news about the decrease in the population of polar bear is speculation.Peopel has been seeing more of bear population in recent times than before. Many facts about population of polar bears are assumptions with no factual evidence. Many conclude that the survey number of polar bears is not credible as it have certain limitation. On the contrary it has been said that the growing population of polar bears is threatening people. The people who enjoy summer vacation and outdoor activities are threatened due to bears. As per ( Kirk) â€Å"In the Western Hudson Bay area, where harvest quotas were reduced by 80 percent four years ago, communities are complaining about the number of polar bears. Now people can look out the window and see  as many as  20 polar bears at the ice-flow edge,† Flaherty says†. In such a situation, the polar definitely do not need endangered protection. Arctic ice is the habitat of the polar bears. There had been lot of controversy regarding the melting of Arctic ice owing to global warming. However, this seems to be a distorted fact as of 2012, the arctic ice seem to be flourishing. â€Å"Sea ice in the Arctic Ocean underwent a sharp recovery this year from the record-low levels of 2012, with 50 percent more ice surviving the summer melt season, scientists said. It is the largest one-year increase in Arctic ice